Investigations on hydrogen storage performances and mechanisms of as-cast TiFe0.8-mNi0.2Com (m=0, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.1) alloys

In order to improve the hydrogen storage performances of TiFe-based alloys, a new type of TiFe_0.8-mNi_0.2Co_m (m = 0, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.1) alloys were prepared through vacuum medium-frequency induction melting. XPS results showed that the composition of surface oxide film contains TiO₂, FeO and NiO for the cobalt-free alloy, and it also includes CoO and Co₃O₄ besides the above oxides for the cobalt-containing alloys. The activation temperature is 523, 403, 383 and 373 K for the TiFe_0.8-mNi_0.2Co_m (m = 0, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.1) alloys, respectively. The changes of the composition and microstructure of the surface oxide film are the root causes of the reduction of the activation temperature. XRD and SEM analyses showed that all the alloys are composed of the majority phase of TiFe phase and non-hydrogenated phase of Ti₂Fe phase. Adding appropriate amount of cobalt is beneficial to inhibiting the generation of Ti₂Fe phase and increasing the cell volume of TiFe phase. The hydrogenation capacity is proportional to the content of TiFe phase, which is 1.11, 1.48, 1.54 and 1.29 wt% for the TiFe_0.8-mNi_0.2Co_m (m = 0, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.1) alloys at 313 K, respectively. The hydrogenation plateau performance also is improved correspondingly.     

Inkjet-printed Ag@SDC core-shell nanoparticles as a high-performance cathode for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells

This work demonstrates the superior thermostability of silver-based nanoparticle cathodes under continuous solid oxide fuel cell operation by coating the samarium-doped ceria (SDC) thin shell over silver nanoparticles. The Ag-core/SDC-shell (Ag@SDC) nanoparticles prepared by solvothermal synthesis (Ag core diameter = 48 nm; average SDC shell thickness = 2–5 nm) is inkjet-printed on electrolyte substrates as a thin film cathode. The Ag@SDC film survives the 48-h thermal annealing and its most porosities remain visibly un-agglomerated. The results of fuel cell current stability test show that the cell using the Ag@SDC nanoparticle cathode have only 3% of current degradation after 25 h, which is remarkably lower than that of the cell using the bare Ag nanoparticle cathode (96.1%). In addition, the electrochemical performance of the bare silver cathode in oxygen reduction reaction has significantly improved because of the enhanced surface oxygen adsorption/dissociation process provided by the SDC thin shell.     

透明红外硫系薄膜非均匀性检测及影响因素

薄膜非均匀性的无损检测对于制备大面积高质量的红外透明薄膜尤为重要。针对红外薄膜光学均匀性难以获取的困难,提出了一种同时获得单层透明红外薄膜厚度和折射率均匀性的无损检测方法。实验上,通过磁控溅射法在二氧化硅衬底上制备了厚度约1.4μm红外透明Ge-Sb-Se硫系薄膜,然后在该薄膜上标定出36个80μm×80μm区域,利用显微傅里叶红外光谱仪测得该36个区域的透射谱,通过分段滤波的方法滤除背景噪声,运用改进的Swanepoel方法计算得到了薄膜每一个区域的厚度和折射率,进而精确获得该薄膜的厚度和折射率均匀性,结果表明精度优于0.5%。     

5G光模块技术及方案对比

论述了5G光模块的技术和产业化发展现状,分析了4种波分复用技术应用于5G前传网络的优缺点,给出了后续5G光模块发展的策略建议.     

柱塞副微观表面对间隙油膜压力的影响

根据分形理论中的W-M函数建立柱塞与缸体孔表面三维形貌数学模型,并利用MATLAB软件编写程序,分析分形维数对表面微观形貌的影响。将柱塞副间隙油膜沿轴向展成平面,建立油膜厚度及压力分布计算模型,采用有限体积法求解二维雷诺方程,分析粗糙度对柱塞副间隙油膜压力分布的影响。结果表明:随着分形维数的增加,柱塞表面粗糙度呈增加趋势,且表面粗糙度越大,压力峰值越大。     

悬浮于润滑油中的颗粒运动分析及其对油膜压力的影响

对含有固体颗粒的局部润滑流域建立格子Boltzmann(LBM)离散模型,分析固体颗粒在润滑油中的动力学特性;考虑颗粒形状的影响,推导计入单个固体颗粒运动的润滑方程,并分析得到油膜压力;将油膜流动特性与颗粒动力学计算相结合,分析不同形状的颗粒运动对于油膜压力的影响。分析发现,当颗粒进入润滑油后,经过很短的瞬时颗粒就会达到一个瞬态稳定的状态,无论颗粒在油膜厚度方向的初始位置位于两壁面之间的中线上侧还是下侧,颗粒都会向中线位置移动;当颗粒速度为0时对于油膜压力的影响较大,随着颗粒速度逐渐增大,颗粒对于油膜压力的影响逐渐减小;当颗粒的宽度在油膜厚度方向相同时,长宽比越大的颗粒对于油膜压力的影响也越大;当颗粒长轴相等时,颗粒在油膜厚度方向的宽度越大,则其对于油膜压力的影响也越大,即颗粒形状对于油膜流动的阻碍能力越强,则其对于油膜压力的影响越大。     

数字化羊绒测色法及其在长度测量中的应用

针对光电法测试纤维长度等性质时,存在纤维的透光及反光信号与颜色高度相关的问题,采用数字化方法表征羊绒的颜色类别并精准地测量羊绒的长度。将彩色光电耦合器作为测色传感器,搭建了更适合纤维材料的测色装置;通过颜色模型在3种色空间的转换,得到3类颜色的羊绒在三维色空间的分布;基于系列实验,创建了有色羊绒的光学参数即无穷厚时的表观反射率表观反射率与测色装置计算的亮度指标之间的换算模型,并用实验证明采用测得的表观反射率可计算得到准确的须丛线密度曲线,从而可用光电法精准测量有色羊绒的长度。结果表明,该测色方法的测样面积大,代表性好,成本低,同时可用于其他纤维和纺织品的颜色测量。     

High‐performance printable paper‐like composites derived from plastic flexible film wastes

Owing to lack of proper recycling methods, plastic flexible film wastes are usually directly discarded or incinerated, which brings about severe environmental pollution. Therefore, converting plastic wastes into value‐added products has received more and more attention in recent years. In this work, paper‐like composites derived from plastic flexible film wastes were prepared via the thermally induced phase separation method by adding polyethylene‐graft‐maleic anhydride (PE‐g‐MAH) as a compatibilizer and fumed silica as an additive. The resulting paper‐like composites were characterized by SEM and infrared spectroscopy. Other properties such as mechanical properties, thermal properties, whiteness, printability and adsorption performance were also tested in detail. It was found that remarkable enhancements in mechanical, thermal and printable properties of the paper‐like composites were obtained when nano‐SiO₂ loading was 2.5–3 wt%. Uniformly distributed holes that can endow good printability by providing space for ink or other functional molecules were observed by using SEM. Furthermore, the CIE whiteness value of the resulting composites can reach 91.6%–96.7% on adding nano‐SiO₂. Additionally, the paper‐like composites integrating nano‐SiO₂ and PE‐g‐MAH exhibited good solid ink affinity and high water or oil adsorption capacity. Thus, according to this research, high‐performance printable paper‐like composites used as major components of multifunctional papers can be prepared based on plastic flexible film wastes. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry     

淀粉/聚乙烯醇活性包装薄膜及其在食品包装应用中的研究进展

综述了淀粉/聚乙烯醇（PVA）活性包装薄膜及其在食品包装中的研究进展，主要对从不同比例共混、疏水改性、增强改性等方面对淀粉/PVA薄膜的改性研究，从功能特性和活性物质对薄膜性能的影响2个方面对淀粉/PVA活性薄膜研究和薄膜在食品包装中的应用3个方面进行了归纳总结，旨在为以淀粉/PVA为基材的活性包装薄膜研究提供参考。